Howard Daum
Nude Woman, 1945
Signed and dated in pencil in the margin
Etching on paper
Plate 3 3/4 x 2 1/2 inches
Sheet 4 1/4 x 3 1/4 inches
The artist
Ashby Gallery, New York
Carl Ashby, New York
Estate of the above
Howard Daum was born in Poland. His family lived in Lodz until he turned 14, when he and his mother left the counrtry. They settled in Montreal, Canada, where Daum learned from the artist Alexander Bercovitch from 1934 to 1937. In 1938, Daum and his mom traveled to New York and chose the Bronx as their home.
After finishing high school in 1940, Daum received a scholarship to the Art Students League. There, he learned from teachers like Will Barnet, Cameron Booth, Morris Kantor, Harry Sternberg, and Vaclav Vytlacil, who was a key mentor. Vytlacil had studied under modern painter Hans Hofmann in Munich in 1921 and helped start the American Abstract Artists group in 1936.
In 1943 and 1944, Daum served in the U. S. Army in Mississippi before coming back to New York. During 1944 and 1945, he had lessons with Hofmann at his school in Greenwich Village. Daum's art during this time became more abstract, using bold and bright colors with clear brushstrokes. The space in his work was very shallow, with objects like figures and easels overlapping each other.
Some of Daum’s artist friends, such as Robert Barrell, Peter Busa, and Steve Wheeler, also learned from Hofmann. In 1940, they moved away from Hofmann’s expressive abstraction style and began creating art influenced by Native American art from the northwest. This style became very popular and was featured in a 1941 exhibition: Indian Art of the United States at the Museum of Modern Art. This new approach, called Indian Space, included nearly abstract flat areas with patterns, complex figure and background interactions, curved lines that fit together, and intricate designs. Daum joined this group and was the one who named the style Indian Space; he also worked with Gertrude Barrer and Oscar Collier. They displayed their art in a show called “Semeiology or 8 and a Totem Pole” at the Gallery Neuf in 1946. That same year, Daum's woodcut titled Cat and Bird was chosen for the cover of the first issue of Iconograph magazine.
In 1945, Daum rented a studio, known as Studio K, on the second floor of a building at 30 East 14th Street, just west of Union Square. He continued to live and work there for the rest of his life, adding another studio, Studio O, on the fifth floor in the late 1960s. Along with his good friends Carl Ashby and Helen de Mott, other artists in the same building included Charles Keller, Leon Kotkofsky, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Edward Laning, Kenneth Hayes Miller, and Harry Sternberg.
In the mid-1940s, Daum also learned printmaking at Stanley William Hayter's Atelier 17. This studio started in Paris in 1927 but moved to New York City due to World War II. It opened in late 1940, supported by the New School, and became a venue for artists to meet and work. Many of Daum's prints come from this time. His relief prints show a fascination with the abstract concept of Indian Space, while the intaglio prints show Pablo Picasso's influence and focus back on human figures. Daum explored various parts of modern art and returned to these early interests throughout his life.
In 1963, Daum earned a Longview Foundation Award. During the 1960s, encouraged by his friend Paul Resika, Daum taught in the MFA program at Parsons School of Design. In the 1960s and 70s, he painted backgrounds for CBS-TV and the Metropolitan Opera.
Daum had his first solo art show at the Ashby Gallery in New York in 1946. He had other shows at Gallery 35 in 1950, Urban Gallery in 1954, Artists Gallery in 1952 and 1956, Bianchini Gallery in 1964, Green Mountain Gallery in 1971, Ashby Gallery in 1981, Gary Snyder Fine Art in 1991, and David Findlay Jr. Fine Art in 2004 and 2006. Daum's work has been shown in many exhibitions, such as Indian Space Painting: Native American Sources of American Abstract Art at Baruch College Art Gallery in 1991, Artists of 30 East 14th Street at Susan Teller Gallery in 1992, and Indian Space Works From the Montclair Art Museum’s Permanent Collection in New Jersey from 2004 to 2005.
Daum's work is held in collections at the Art Students League in New York, the Montclair Art Museum in New Jersey, the Arkansas Art Center in Little Rock, and the Walker Art Center and Minneapolis Sculpture Garden.
Artists linked to Indian Space include Will Barnet, Robert Barrell, Gertrude Barrer, Peter Busa, Oscar Collier, Howard Daum, Helen De Mott, Ruth Lewin, Lillian Orloff, Robert Smith, and Steve Wheeler.